Mapping Corruption Hotspots in Ghana’s Criminal Justice System and Processes

by | Dec 1, 2024 | AJCJ, AJCJ 2023

Mapping Corruption Hotspots in Ghana’s Criminal Justice System and Processes

Author: Moses Agaawena Amagnya

ISSN: 2958-8162
Affiliations: Community and Criminal Justice Division, School of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University
Source: Africa Journal of Crime and Justice 2023, p. 1 – 23
https://doi.org/10.47348/AJCJ/2023/a1

Abstract

‘Corruption’ may be defined as the use or misuse of entrusted power for private, institutional or third-party gain. It is a serious global problem, particularly in developing countries. Corruption becomes more dangerous when criminal justice institutions and officials, who are usually the last resort to address conflicts and grievances, are affected by corruption. Unfortunately, research shows that criminal justice systems are often perceived as among the most corrupt public institutions in the world. One of the ways to help address corruption in criminal justice systems and institutions is to map out areas, procedures and processes that are prone to corruption – corruption hotspots. This paper maps out corruption hotspots in Ghana’s criminal justice system. It does this by examining the institutions, processes and procedures that members of the public navigate when accessing justice services in Ghana. The analysis reveals that entry points to the criminal justice system and/or institutions, particularly those that are complex and difficult for the public to understand, are significant hotspots for corruption. This paper also discusses the implications of these findings for corruption prevention in Ghana and beyond.

The Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Kidnappings for Ransom in Ethiopia

by | Dec 1, 2024 | AJCJ, AJCJ 2023

The Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Kidnappings for Ransom in Ethiopia

Author: Daniel K. Waktola

ISSN: 2958-8162
Affiliations: Professor of Geography, Austin Community College, TX, USA
Source: Africa Journal of Crime and Justice 2023, p. 24 – 50
https://doi.org/10.47348/AJCJ/2023/a2

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of kidnapping for ransom (KfR) in Ethiopia. Utilising 155 reported kidnapping incidents and advanced geospatial techniques, the research reveals a 500 percent increase in KfR incidents between 2020 and 2021, with continued growth thereafter. Oromia emerged as the epicentre, followed by Amhara and Tigray regions. Over 50 percent of cases occurred within 125 km of Addis Ababa by 2023, indicating a strategic focus on economically active areas. Our analysis uncovered crucial spatial patterns, revealing a concentration of incidents along regional borders and near main roads. These findings challenge conventional assumptions about criminal behaviour, suggesting that perpetrators strategically exploit jurisdictional complexities and leverage transportation networks rather than seeking isolation. The study underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to address root causes of KfR, including conflict resolution, economic development, and strengthening governance structures. While acknowledging data limitations, this research provides crucial insights for policymakers and law enforcement, contributing to broader discussions on crime prevention in complex environments and informing geographically-tailored strategies to combat this growing threat.

Future Pandemic Policing Planning and Strategies of the Nigeria Police Force Post-COVID-19

by | Dec 1, 2024 | AJCJ, AJCJ 2023

Future Pandemic Policing Planning and Strategies of the Nigeria Police Force Post-COVID-19

Author: Usman Adekunle Ojedokun

ISSN: 2958-8162
Affiliations: Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Source: Africa Journal of Crime and Justice 2023, p. 51 – 69
https://doi.org/10.47348/AJCJ/2023/a3

Abstract

The outbreak of COVID-19 has not only demonstrated the critical role played by the police as first-responders in times of public health emergency, but also revealed the inadequate planning and unpreparedness of most police agencies for pandemic policing. This study sought to investigate the organisational plans and strategies implemented by the Nigeria Police Force for future pandemic policing. Data were primarily collected through 200 semi-structured questionnaires administered to police officers at the headquarters of the Lagos State Police Command (LSPC), selected using a non-proportionate stratified sampling technique. Results showed that the majority of the respondents (56.5 percent) indicated that the Nigeria Police Force is making efforts to enhance the skills and knowledge of its officials by providing professional training and collaborating with public health professionals. Although most of the respondents (49 percent) believed that the health intervention measures incorporated into the police practice were adequate for future pandemic policing, there was a consensus that their organisation’s overall preparedness was threatened by multiple challenges (χ2 = 7.359; P>0.05).

Ethiopia’s Hybrid Justice: Synthesising Different Perspectives on Crime and Punishment

by | Dec 1, 2024 | AJCJ, AJCJ 2023

Ethiopia’s Hybrid Justice: Synthesising Different Perspectives on Crime and Punishment

Author: Shimelash Wondale Dagnew

ISSN: 2958-8162
Affiliations: LLB, MA, LLM, ex-prosecutor at ANRS Justice Bureau, and currently senior attorney at a private company
Source: Africa Journal of Crime and Justice 2023, p. 70 – 89
https://doi.org/10.47348/AJCJ/2023/a4

Abstract

The main schools of thought on crime and punishment have significantly influenced the criminal justice system of many countries. Various legal systems have defined crime and prescribed the corresponding punishment accordingly. Although the definition of crimes and the related punishments may differ across legal systems, they generally derive their content from these schools of thought in one way or another. There are also different theories of punishment, including deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and retribution. Like many other legal jurisdictions, Ethiopia’s criminal justice system has been influenced by these main schools of criminology and theories of punishment.

Unveiling Racial Dynamics: A Comparative Study of South Africa And The United States

by | Dec 1, 2024 | AJCJ, AJCJ 2023

Unveiling Racial Dynamics: A Comparative Study of South Africa And The United States

Author: Matthew Robinson

ISSN: 2958-8162
Affiliations: Professor, Justice Studies, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC
Source: Africa Journal of Crime and Justice 2023, p. 90 – 123
https://doi.org/10.47348/AJCJ/2023/a5

Abstract

This comparative study examines the complex dynamics of race and discrimination in South Africa and the United States. Drawing on historical contexts and contemporary social structures, it explores the intersecting legacies of colonialism, slavery and apartheid, as well as their enduring impacts on racial inequalities and social justice. The analysis delves into key socio-political factors shaping race relations in both countries, including legal frameworks, economic disparities, and cultural perceptions. By highlighting similarities and differences in the manifestations of discrimination, this research seeks to deepen an understanding of the challenges faced by marginalised communities in diverse contexts. Moreover, it investigates the role of grassroots movements, governmental policies and international interventions in addressing racial injustices and promoting equity. Through a nuanced examination of historical trajectories and present-day realities, this study contributes to broader discussions on race, identity and the pursuit of equality in complex socio-political landscapes.