Women’s Right to Inheritance in Africa: The Nigerian Experience

Women’s Right to Inheritance in Africa: The Nigerian Experience

Authors Abdulrazaq Adelodun Daibu, Sekinat Arikewuyo Daibu, Juliet Aimienrovbiye

ISSN: 2521-2613
Affiliations: Lecturer, Department of Private and Property Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin; Legal Practitioner, Daibu, Oseni and Co, Ilorin; Lecturer, Department of Private and Property Law, Faculty of Law, University of Benin
Source: Africa Nazarene University Law Journal, 2018, p. 28 – 56

Abstract

There is no doubt that discriminatory cultural and traditional practices against women in Africa constitute social injustice and often infringe their right to inheritance. Sadly, widows and female children, almost always, contend with extreme hardship, making them helpless in inheritance cases. This article analyses the problems of intestate inheritance under customary law in some selected jurisdictions in Africa. It also examines intestate inheritance under Islamic law which is not only part of the Nigerian legal system but also the culture of most Muslim faithful in the northern and south-western parts of Nigeria. The article found that despite the plethora of laws protecting women’s rights against all forms of discrimination in most African countries, the continued subjection of women to oppressive and anachronistic cultural practices in inheritance cases still persists. This article contends that ratification of international instruments and enactment of domestic laws without necessary implementation and proactive judicial pronouncement will not bring about the desired social justice. This article finally recommends legal strategies and policies that will enhance the protection of women’s rights to inheritance in Nigeria and indeed Africa.

Rights of Passengers in the Contract of Carriage by Air: A Critical Approach under the Nigerian Civil Aviation Law

Rights of Passengers in the Contract of Carriage by Air: A Critical Approach under the Nigerian Civil Aviation Law

Authors Ismail Adua Mustapha, Joana Kolo-Manma

ISSN: 2521-2613
Affiliations: Business Law Department, Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin; Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin
Source: Africa Nazarene University Law Journal, 2018, p. 1 – 27

Abstract

In reality, an air carrier may enter into a binding contractual relationship to air lift persons (passengers) or things from one place to an agreed destination. The binding nature of the contract between the parties brings about reciprocal contracting rights. The international community adopted a series of international conventions to regulate various types of contract by air as well as the rights and liabilities of passengers in contractual relationships with the airlines. Nigeria acceded to these conventions and transformed them into the Nigerian Civil Aviation Act, 2006. The paper therefore asks: ‘What are the rights of passengers in the contract of carriage by air under the Nigerian Civil Aviation laws?’ ‘Under what circumstances would the carrier be liable to passenger(s)?’ The paper adopts a qualitative method of legal research which includes interviews with the relevant aviation stakeholders in Nigeria. A critical analysis of the Nigerian civil aviation law will also be done to achieve the aim and objective of the paper. Also case law from other jurisdictions shall be called in aid to expatiate the provisions of the Montreal Convention, 1999, as domesticated and modified by the Nigerian civil aviation law(s) not yet tested in Nigerian courts. It is found that rights such as the right to a passengers’ ticket, the right to seek redress in court in the event of unforeseen circumstance(s) and the right to compensation of passengers are stated in the Nigerian Civil Aviation Act, 2006, and the Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations (NCARs), 2015. It also found that these laws did not provide for damages in case of breach of basic fundamental human rights of passengers. It was further found that wilful, negligent and careless misconduct of the airline must be proved so that the carrier will not be able to avail itself of the exclusion and limitation of liability clauses in the Convention as domesticated by the Civil Aviation Act, 2006. The paper concludes that the current state of the laws is unsatisfactory, and therefore recommends that the laws be reviewed to include claims for damages to be awarded to the victims whose basic fundamental human right(s) are unlawfully breached.