Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of kidnapping for ransom (KfR) in Ethiopia. Utilising 155 reported kidnapping incidents and advanced geospatial techniques, the research reveals a 500 percent increase in KfR incidents between 2020 and 2021, with continued growth thereafter. Oromia emerged as the epicentre, followed by Amhara and Tigray regions. Over 50 percent of cases occurred within 125 km of Addis Ababa by 2023, indicating a strategic focus on economically active areas. Our analysis uncovered crucial spatial patterns, revealing a concentration of incidents along regional borders and near main roads. These findings challenge conventional assumptions about criminal behaviour, suggesting that perpetrators strategically exploit jurisdictional complexities and leverage transportation networks rather than seeking isolation. The study underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to address root causes of KfR, including conflict resolution, economic development, and strengthening governance structures. While acknowledging data limitations, this research provides crucial insights for policymakers and law enforcement, contributing to broader discussions on crime prevention in complex environments and informing geographically-tailored strategies to combat this growing threat.